● Knowledge · EU 2023/1542

The EU Battery Regulation — finally clear.

What the new regulation actually demands from manufacturers, importers and distributors — without the legal jungle. In 10 minutes you'll know what's coming, and when.

Last updated: June 2026 · General information, not legal advice
17 Aug 23
In force since
Directly applicable in every EU country
18 Feb 27
Digital battery passport
Mandatory for LMT, industrial > 2 kWh, EV
5
Battery categories
Portable, LMT, SLI, industrial, EV
90+
Data points in the passport
Publicly accessible via QR code
TL;DR
  • One regulation instead of 27 laws. It applies directly — no national transposition needed.
  • Every battery gets a digital passport. QR code on it, public data accessible — from February 2027.
  • Carbon footprint becomes measurable. First declaration, then classes A–G, later maximum thresholds.
  • Recycled content becomes mandatory. From 2031 cobalt, lithium and nickel must contain minimum recycled shares.
01 · Overview

What is it about?

Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 on batteries and waste batteries replaces the old Battery Directive. It applies to every battery placed on the EU market since August 2023 — from button-cell hearing aids to 3 MWh industrial storage.

Goal: make batteries more sustainable across the whole life cycle — from raw-material extraction through manufacturing to recycling. To get there the regulation introduces three new tools: the digital battery passport, mandatory carbon footprint declarations, and supply-chain due diligence.

02 · Timeline

Key dates at a glance

Obligations are phased in over time, not all at once. Companies that start documenting early will find 2027 considerably easier.

17 Aug 2023Day zero

Regulation enters into force

The old Directive 2006/66/EC is replaced. Transition periods start running.

18 Feb 2024

Core obligations apply

Labelling, end-user information, registration duties — most general requirements take effect.

18 Aug 2024

Carbon footprint for EV batteries

EV makers must declare a Product Carbon Footprint — kg CO₂-eq per kWh over the life cycle.

18 Aug 2025

Supply-chain due diligence

Companies with revenue above € 40m must audit their supply chain for cobalt, lithium, nickel and natural graphite.

18 Feb 2027Big leap

Digital battery passport becomes mandatory

For LMT, industrial (> 2 kWh) and EV batteries — every battery needs a QR code with publicly accessible data.

2031 / 2036

Minimum recycled content

New industrial, EV and SLI batteries must contain minimum shares of recycled materials — even stricter in 2036.

03 · Categories

Which batteries are affected?

The regulation explicitly distinguishes five categories. Whether you need a passport depends on which bucket your battery falls into.

📱
Portable batteries
Smartphones, toys, tools, wearables. Must be easy to replace by end-users from 2027.
No passport
🛴
LMT batteries
E-bikes, e-scooters, e-mopeds. Light Means of Transport — small mobility, big impact.
Passport required
🚗
SLI
Classic starter battery for cars and trucks.
Recycling quota
🏭
Industrial
Forklifts, UPS, stationary storage (BESS), telecoms.
Passport > 2 kWh
🔋
EV
Traction batteries for cars, buses, trucks.
Full obligation
04 · The centrepiece

The digital battery passport

Battery Passport · EU 2023/1542
Model BP-247 · 75 kWh
ChemistryNMC 811
Carbon footprint62 kg/kWh
Recycled content14 %
SoH98 %

QR code on every battery — data in the cloud

From February 2027 every affected battery carries a QR code. Scanning it opens a public web page with all legally required information — from manufacturer to carbon footprint.

The passport must remain accessible for at least 10 years after the last sale — even if the manufacturer goes bankrupt. That requires a technical infrastructure with interoperable standards (Catena-X, AAS).

  • Publicly accessible via QR scan
  • 10 years minimum availability
  • Three access levels depending on role
Public

For everyone

Manufacturer, model, capacity, chemistry, carbon footprint, safety and recycling instructions.

Professionals

Repair shops & recyclers

Disassembly instructions, material composition, diagnostic interfaces.

Confidential

Authorities

Full supply-chain data, evidence on conflict minerals.

05 · CO₂

Your CO₂ footprint becomes measurable

Manufacturers must declare per model how much CO₂ a battery causes over its life cycle — from the mine to the factory gate.

Classes A – G

Similar to the energy label on a fridge. Later come maximum thresholds — batteries above the limit may no longer be sold in the EU.

A
B
C
D← typical
E
F
G
06 · Recycled

Reused instead of newly mined

From 2031 new industrial, EV and SLI batteries must contain minimum shares of recycled raw materials. In 2036 the values rise again.

Cobalt
2031
16 %
2036
26 %
Lithium
2031
6 %
2036
12 %
Nickel
2031
6 %
2036
15 %
Lead
2031
85 %
2036
85 %
07 · Due diligence

Supply-chain due diligence

From August 2025 manufacturers with revenue above € 40m need a documented due-diligence policy following the OECD guidance — for cobalt, lithium, nickel and natural graphite.

01
Identify risks
Systematically assess human rights, environmental and corruption risks across the entire supply chain.
02
Take action
Mitigate risks — switch suppliers, trigger audits, run trainings.
03
Report annually
Published report, reviewed by an independent third party.
08 · Collection

Collection & recycling targets rise

The EU raises collection targets step by step — measured against the weight of batteries sold per year.

Portable batteries
73 %2030
45 % (2023) → 63 % (2027) → 73 % (2030)
LMT batteries
61 %2031
51 % (2028) → 61 % (2031)
SLI batteries
85 %2030
61 % (2027) → 85 % (2030)
09 · Penalties

What happens in case of breaches?

!

Fines reach six-figure amounts

The regulation requires "effective, proportionate and dissuasive" penalties. In Germany the Batterierecht-Durchführungsgesetz (BattDG) sets the actual amounts — per breach, six-figure Euro fines are possible.

  • Missing or incomplete battery passport after February 2027
  • Incorrect or missing carbon footprint declaration
  • Missing registration in the national producer register
10 · Sources

Sources & further reading

Specific questions about your obligation?

Our compliance team replies within 24 hours on business days — from passport specification to supplier audits.